Construction of numerous radio stations in the 30s, the restoration of destroyed during the war, radio stations in the 40s, the design of television centers of Moscow and the capitals of the Union republics (the second half of the 50s), participating in making multiprogramming radio and television stations, including the Ostankino tv-radio complex (1960), radio objects "Olympics-80" (late 70s), the design of multi-channel radio relay network of transmission lines over long distances, a network of stations of space communication systems, VHF mobile communications, including the first national system of land mobile communications "Altai" - all this is an incomplete list of areas of fruitful activity laureate of Lenin and State prizes of the USSR, our compatriot Moses Abramovich Shkud, which creative path started at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, where he studied in 1927-1931 years in radio school, founded by Professor of the Kiev Polytechnic Vladimir Vasilyevich Ogievskii.
Education and professional development
Small homeland of M.A. Shkud is Sekuryany town (now a district center in the Chernivtsi region), where he was born on October 19, 1907. Next were childhood and the beginning in 1922 to work as an electrician in Vinnitsa. In 1927 he was admitted in the Kiev Polytechnic Institute at Faculty of Electrical Engineering, where in 1928 at the initiative of VV Ogievskii was allocated specialization "Radio". Education was associated with the practical skills of future profession his contributed to the execution of actual tasks by teachers. So, in 1928, the country began construction of powerful broadcasting stations and V.V. Ogievskii with his colleagues and students was involved in the construction of the station in Odessa, Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk, Tiraspol. In June 1929 he was appointed the responsible foreman on the construction of the Kiev station. From a letter Southwestern control communication of June 4, 1929 to V.V. Ogievskii : "You are appointed a responsible manufacturer of all work on the construction of the Kiev radio stations such as: construction of 10 kW, Transmitter 150 m mast, installation of a diesel engine and so on. It is proposed to you immediately start to work strictly adhering to work schedule established by the meeting."
In his autobiography, M.A. Shkud said: "Since the end of 1928, in parallel with their studies at the institute I began working at the Kiev station, first on its installation, and then in exploitation."
Participation of students and of V.V. Ogievskii in performing these works created an atmosphere of engineering creativity and was useful for their professional activities, including for M.A. Shkud, who graduated in 1931, receiving a diploma in electrical engineer in radio engineering. After a short teaching experience, participation in the construction of radio stations in Odessa, Chernigov and Kiev since 1933 he is fully focused on the construction of the radio stations in Alma-Ata, and then in Lutsk.
Professional experience and organizational capacities of M.A. Shkud attracted the attention of senior managers in Moscow, in the eve of the war he was appointed chief engineer of the all-union project organization on behalf of the government tasks to design and construct powerful radio stations. After months of participation in the war, in February 1942 on the Order of the People's Commissar of Defense he was demobilized, and as the Chief Engineer of the trust "Radiobud" he focused his work on the construction of new high-power radio stations and rebuilding war-torn radio centers. As a Chief engineer organized after the War of the State Union Design Institute (SSDI), USSR Ministry of Communications M.A.Shkud worked for more than 30 years, leading tens radio construction projects in the Soviet Union, including individual projects, which had the character of breakthrough.
Breakthrough projects of creating television centers in the country
Starting from 50s it became urgent for the country to construct the TV center in Moscow, in capitals of the Union republics as well as in regional cities. SSDI USSR Ministry of Communications and his chief engineer, M. A. Shkud, as noted by his colleague LP Goldenberg, were on the "spearhead" of the solution to these problems, preparing appropriate design documentation and solving new challenges radio construction in the country. Tens of thousands of kilometers built relay lines contributed television signal transmission to the users. The transceiver stations of satellite communication "Orbit" were designed. In the years 1964-67, M.A. Shkud as chief engineer supervised the construction of the Ostankino TV tower (along with his colleagues B.A. Zlobin, D.I. Burdin, L.I. Schipakin). In 1970, for the work in the M.I. NIkitin group he was awarded the Lenin Prize. And it was well-deserved award, for a project Ostankino television tower is really a breakthrough developments world-level engineering genius. The total height of the tower is 540 meters . Almost 10 years it was the tallest building in the world. Functional-technical capabilities, radio and television equipment and rational use of the internal space of the tower is unique. Useful floor area of the tower is 17 thousand square meters and includes 45 floors.
In our time, the staff of the Ostankino Tower, which is part of the Main Centre of Radio and Television (GTSRT) State Committee of Russia, feels a deep respect for the creators of this unique object. In particular, the portrait M.A. Shkud is located in the Crystal Hall GTSRT.
General designer of objects to be translated to the world of television and radio programs of the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980, has been SSDI with his chief engineer, M.A. Shkud who proposed and implemented a number of new technical engineering solutions at the level of inventions.
The first national system for Mobile Communications "Altai"
Requirements of time dictated the need to create systems of mobile communications with technical characteristics as in fixed communication systems. Such a system is called "Altai". It was created by local specialists. The antenna systems were developed by SSDI specialists with the active participation of M.A.Shkud. The system of "Altai" is two-way communication system via two channels with a duplex frequency separation of 36 MHz. To call the desired subscriber three frequency code combination was transmitted. At first call commutation was done by manual switch, late it transferred to the automatic mode.
The first prototype of the system zone "Altai" was introduced in Moscow in 1963. Frequencies in the 150-170 MHz range were used. In the Soviet Union in 1970, the system "Altai" already worked in more than 30 cities.
Upgrading Communication Systems was held in 1980 before the Olympics. A particular problem of data protection was resolved. The frequency band 300-330 MHz was allocated for the system. Technical capabilities enable communication at distances of 50-100 km, depending on the mounting height of the antenna base station. Initially the system was designed as a radial with a single base station, which was placed on the high-rise building, and then at the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, or the television tower in other cities of the country. For the personal participation in the creation and implementation of the "Altai" M.A. Shkud together with other specialists in 1983 was awarded the USSR State Prize in the field of science and technology.
Leo Philippovich Goldenberg in his publication on the 90th anniversary of M.A. Shkud noted his considerable theoretical knowledge and ability to implement new technology in the construction of radio objects. Working at the interface of many engineering sciences, M.A. Shkud showed his talent of the inventor, allowing him to create unique radio objects. He knew not only different radio systems, but also each of these circuit systems. Paying tribute to the chief engineer SSDI M.A. Shkud today workers of the State Specialized Design Institute of Radio and Television of the Russian Federation called it between themselves “the Shkud institute”. M.A. Shkud as chief engineer of the general design organization skillfully combined in a single technological process design development of various organizations, indicating that his talent as an organizer and an engineer, as he was receiving a higher technical education in the KPI.
From the speech of Academician of NAS of Ukraine M. Il'chenko on scientific readings from "The outstanding designers of Ukraine", 18 April 2012