In Ukraine it celebrates the Day of the rescuer at 17 of September defined by the Decree of the President of Ukraine. This professional holiday of civil defence population like emergency services, fire protection and other special groups that are directly involved in the emergency response of man-made and natural disasters.
Civil protection has ancient roots in historical excursion. During the First World War in April 1915 for the first time in human history, troops of the German army used chemical weapons (chlorine). There were 5000 French and Belgian soldiers victims. In 1917 near the Belgian city of Ypres kaiser's troops used gas subject which became an "Iprit" name. Panic engulfed the troops, the soldiers threw the weapon and left the battlefield. The threat of looming defeated not only the troops, but also on the people front-line areas. Aviation is developing rapidly in those years could be used for chemical weapons strikes at the rear.
It was necessary for the defenders from the blows of air to protect big cities after this circumstances. Civilians became involved to rapid elimination of the consequences of air raids with air defense. It helped in creating local air defense systems (LADS), which relied on the civilian population of cities, industrial workers and other institutions.
The development of means of attack needed to improve the LADS. In 1927 the Council of Commissars of the USSR issued a decree "About organization of air-chemical defense of the USSR".
General management measures air defense bamked up to the People's Commissariat of Military and Naval Affairs.
Leadership training airborne chemical defense for civilian needs Commissariats were organized in special courses in Moscow, Leningrad, Baku, Kiev and Minsk. For training of the population in terms of air and chemical attack involved Osoaviakhim and the Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, covering training hundreds of thousands of activists of the local defense.
Massive people training with about defense and chemical protection provided in the prewar years created more than 3 thousand voluntary groups. More than 3.5 million people were provided with gas masks. To protect people were built several thousand bombo- and storage facilities. Conducted blackout measures for cities and a system alerting the public about the threat of attack.
During World War II MPPO forces adequately fulfilled by tasks liquidate the consequences of more than 30 thousand air raids, prevente more than 32 thousand major accidents at the facilities of the economy,defused more than 430 thousand Bombs and nearly 2.5 million shells and mines eliminated 90 th. fires, restored 15 thousand. destroyed residential and public buildings.
After the war began a new phase of MPPO developing caused by the adoption of nuclear weapons and their carriers. With this in mind MPPO was organized throughout the country. Massive formations of sustainable facilities and remediation units towns.
In July 1961 local air defense was transformed into a civil defense, which was the component of national defense measures that were carried out in peacetime and wartime to protect the population and the economy of the country of weapons of mass destruction of the enemy and conduct rescue operations in lesions, areas of possible flooding. It were formed civil defense headquarters of Union and autonomous republics, territories, regions, cities, districts, objects of national economy.
The political situation was changing with time. The nuclear confrontation between East and West unchanged finding ways to understanding. On the political map of the world formed a new sovereign state named Ukraine.
During the 20 years of the Ukraine becoming independent state civil defense constantly improved and developed on the principles of international humanitarian law, which was founding document of the Geneva Convention of 1949 and the Declaration adopted by the World Conference on civil defense. Currently, priority is given to solving problems of population protection from the consequences of emergency situations of technogenic and natural character.
Under current legislation at each facility management even in schools formed a system of civil defense that combines controls, capability to organize and protect people from the consequences of man-made emergencies, natural and war character.
In "KPI" the civil defense ruled by President of the University. A standing governing body charged with organizing the tasks of civil defense is the headquarters of Civil Defense University. Each university department (institutes, departments) on a freelance basis formed subsystem civil defense (civil protection).
The main purpose of civil defense (civil protection) of the University is to prevent man-made disasters, natural and military nature, possible terrorist manifestations. To achieve this the main efforts of civil defense university focuses on performing the following tasks:
- management preparing and civil defense forces of University structural units to respond quickly in case of emergencies and response;
- improving measures to protect students and staff from the University affection factors emergencies on principles based on the rescue of life and human health;
- learning, training management participants in the educational process to react to a threat of an emergency and man-made, natural, terrorist and military nature on the basis of existing legislation;
- Development and implementation of research programs aimed at prevention of disasters.
Accident at communal power system is a risk for the functoning of the University and also the chemically dangerous objects during transport dangerous goods as well as a violation of the rules of treatment of obsolete ammunition. Dangers also caused by natural disasters (squally winds, rain, sleet, snow drifts, etc.).
It is worth to mention that in any case of emergency it is important to act consciously without any panic and execute instructions of civil protection. In case of munitions or other explosive objects you need not approach them; report to Civil Defense University. 234-35-11, 454-95-64, 20-69 and city rescue service 101; and continue to act on their instructions.
Taking this opportunity i want to congratulate with your professional holiday of civil protecting workers and everyone who takes the difficult task of protecting human life and health.